Jonathan Edwards responded to one of his critics by pointing out several "exceptionable ways of reasoning" his critic employed.
Part III: Containing Some Remarks on Mr. Williams' Exceptionable Way of Reasoning, in Support of His Own Scheme, and in Opposition to the Contrary Principles.
Mr. Williams endeavors to support his own opinion, and to confute the book he pretends to answer, by the following methods.
1. By frequently misrepresenting what I say, and then disputing or exclaiming against what he wrongfully charges as mine.
2. By misrepresenting what others say in their writings, whose opinions he pretends to espouse.
3. By seeming to oppose and confute arguments, and yet only saying things which have no reference at all to 'em, but relate entirely to other matters, that are altogether foreign to the argument in hand.
4. By advancing new and extraordinary notions; which are both manifestly contrary to truth, and also contrary to the common apprehensions of the Christian church in all ages.
5. By making use of peremptory and confident assertions, instead of arguments.
6. By using great exclamation, in the room of arguing; as though he would amuse and alarm his readers, and excite terror in them, instead of rational conviction.
7. By wholly overlooking arguments, and not answering at all; pretending, that there is no argument, nothing to answer; when the case is manifestly far otherwise.
8. By frequently turning off an argument with this reflection, that it is begging the question; when there is not the least show or pretext for it.
9. By very frequently begging the question himself, or doing that which is equivalent.
10. By often alleging and insisting on things in which he is inconsistent with himself.
As to the first of these methods used by Mr. Williams, i.e. his misrepresenting what I say, and then disputing or exclaiming against what he injuriously charges as mine, many instances have been already observed: I now would take notice of some other instances.
In p. 15c he charges me with "affirming vehemently, in a number of repetitions, 'that the doctrine taught is, that no manner of pretense to any visible holiness is made or designed to be made.'" These he cites as my words, marking them with notes of quotations. Whereas I never said any such words, nor said or thought any such thing, but the contrary. I knew, that those whose doctrine I opposed, declared that visible holiness was necessary: and take particular notice of it (p. 8) where I say, "It is granted on all hands, that none ought to be admitted, as members of the visible church of Christ, but visible saints": and argue on this supposition for 15 pages together, in that same part of my book where Mr. Williams charges me with asserting the contrary. What I say is, that people are taught, that they come into the church without any pretense to sanctifying grace (p. 15d); I don't say, without a pretense to visible holiness.6 Thus Mr. Williams alters my words, to make them speak something not only diverse, but contrary to what I do say, and say very often; and so takes occasion, or rather makes an occasion, to charge me before the world, with telling a "manifest untruth" (p. 15d).
Again, Mr. Williams in answering my argument concerning brotherly love (pp. 70e, 71a), represents me as arguing, "that in the exercise of Christian love described in the gospel, there is such an union of hearts, as there cannot be of a saint to an unsanctified man." Which is a thing I never said, and is quite contrary to the sentiments which I have abundantly declared. I indeed speak of that "brotherly love," as what can't be of a saint to one that is not apprehended and judged to be sanctified. But that notion of a peculiar love, which can't be to an unsanctified man, or without the reality of holiness in the person beloved, is what I ever abhorred, and have borne a most loud and open and large testimony against, again and again, from the press,7 and did so in the preface to that very book which Mr. Williams writes against.
Kindle Loc 8092. Also
No comments:
Post a Comment